The architecture of the period

The architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries exemplified early modernist design. Previous architects had adhered to some particular historical style or combined various styles. The new design approach emphasised the purpose of the building, its setting, materials and structural opportunities. It was important for design to be free, individual and resourceful.

Finnish architecture had close ties to architectural trends abroad. Architects learned these trends by working in other countries or by participating in international exhibitions. The Art Nouveau styles of Central Europe exercised a strong influence on architecture in Finland.

These new stylistic trends also incorporated some features of national Romanticism, which were manifest in efforts to present the nation’s history and its special character.

When designing churches and public buildings, the Finnish architects of this period were increasingly concerned to adapt their work to the surroundings. Most of the construction work that occurred at this time, however, was for residential purposes. Apartment buildings became the form of choice for urban living and were highly esteemed on account of their novelty. Construction purely for commercial use was also something new.

The countryside and rural towns, however, retained their “single family houses”, most of which were not designed by professional architects. One particular object of interest was the rural artist’s villa. The architecture of these unique buildings exemplified a steadfast sense of nationhood, coupled with an appreciation for authentic countryside and lifestyles.

These country seats became fashionable in the artistic community. Some artists, such as Pekka Halonen and Akseli Gallen-Kallela, designed their own houses, while others commissioned architects for this purpose. Jean Sibelius chose the latter approach in entrusting the design of Ainola to the professional architect Lars Sonck.